Biocidally-active 1,3-benzodithiole-2-one compounds

ABSTRACT

1,3-Benzodithiole-2-one and 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione compounds are disclosed including the novel method of preparing said compounds and their biocidal activity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to new and useful biocidally activecompounds. More specifically, it relates to novel1,3-benzodithiole-2-one and 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione compoundsprepared by an unusual but highly simple and convenient cyclizationreaction. In fact, it is due to this synthesis that the numerousderivatives disclosed herein can be obtained so easily and in goodyields.

The novel compounds of this invention are useful in treating pestsassociated with with growing plants in order to beneficially enhance thegrowth and/or yield-potential of said growing plants. This isaccomplished by applying a biocidally active amount of the subjectcompound to soil, seed or the growing plant. The term "pests" as usedherein is meant to include plant pests such as weeds and fungi, andanimal pests such as arachnids, nematodes, or insects.

The concentration, rate and physical form of the administered compoundare determined by the particular application, said applicationcomprising one or more of the following:

(1) HERBICIDAL

(2) FUNGICIDAL

(3) ACARICIDAL

(4) NEMATOCIDAL

(5) INSECTICIDAL

Generally, for each particular application, there will be a preferredrange with respect to concentration, a preferred amount with respect torate and a preferred type with respect to formulation.

For purposes of this disclosure and for the sake of convenience andclarity, certain terms used herein are defined as follows:

The phrase "treating pests associated with growing plants" signifies theapplication of a compound as herein defined to pests associated withgrowing plants which embraces germinating plants, e.g. seeds, sprouts,seedlings, and fully grown plants. The mode of application will dependon the desired end use. For example, if the treatment is forpre-emergent herbicidal use, the compound will be administered into thesoil which contains the growing seeds. In contrast, when used as apost-emergent herbicide, the compound will be applied to the growingplants after seeds have germinated.

When treatment comprises foliar fungicidal application, the compound isadministered, as a spray, directly onto the leaves and other aboveground portions of diseased plants.

For use as an acaricide, the compound may be applied by contacting theleaves (or plant) directly or as a soil incorporation in the soil wherethe plant is growing.

For use as a soil or seed treatment fungicide, the compound is usuallyapplied as a seed treatment, or as a drench and/or incorporation to thesoil containing the seed or the growing plant.

For use as a nematocide, the compound is normally applied directly as adrench and/or incorporation to the soil containing the growing plant.

For use as an insecticide, the compound is usually applied topically tothe above ground portions of infested plants and/or to the soilcontaining the growing plants.

All of the aforesaid treatments, whatever the objective, have a unitaryresult. That is, they beneficially enhance or improve the growth and/oryield potential of the treated plant.

The term "biocidally active amount" means an amount of compound whicheffectively permits the desired objective.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, this invention is concerned with compounds of the formula:##STR1## wherein W is O or S; Y is selected from hydrogen, cyano,alkylsulfonyl, nitro and trifluoromethyl; X is selected from alkyl andalkenyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, nitro, trichloromethyl,trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio,trifluoromethylsulfoxyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, methoxymethyl, cyano,carboxy, carbamyl, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxy, acetylamino, amino,N-phenylamino, N,N-diallylamino, alkoxy, N-morpholino, N-piperidino,N-piperazino, N-pyrrolidino, dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl, carboalkoxy,alkylthio, mono- and di-alkylamino, N-alkylcarbamyl,N,N-dialkylcarbamyl, alkylsulfoxy, alkylsulfonyl, said alkyl groupscontaining from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 0 to 3; andsalts thereof.

Of particular interest are compounds as shown above wherein W is O, Y isnitro and n is 1, such as:

6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-chloro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-cyano-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Other preferred compounds include those as shown above wherein W is O, Yis nitro and n is 2 such as:

6-chloro-7-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Still others which are preferred as those as shown above wherein W is O,Y is nitro and n is 3 such as:

5,7-dimethyl-4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Another compound which is preferred as shown above wherein W is O, Y isnitro and n is 0 is:

4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Still others which are preferred are those as shown above wherein W isO, Y is trifluoromethyl and n is 1 such as:

6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Still others which are preferred are those as shown above wherein W isO, Y is trifluoromethyl and n is 2 such as:

7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-mono-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-n-propylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diallylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-monobutylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-dibutylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-monophenylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-nitro-7-piperidino-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-morpholino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-nitro-7-pyrrolidino-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Still others which are preferred are those as shown above wherein W isO, Y is trifluoromethyl and n is 3.

Still others which are preferred are those as shown above wherein W isS, Y is nitro and n is 1 such as:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione

6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione.

Still others which are preferred are those as shown above wherein W isO, Y is hydrogen and n is 1 such as:

5-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

Also within the purview of this invention is the novel process forpreparing such compounds involving a unique cyclization step as well asthe use of such compounds to beneficially enhance the growth and/oryield-potential of plants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The novel compounds of this invention are prepared by a novel procedurewherein a unique cyclization step is involved. It is this syntheticmethod which allows for the formation of the numerous compoundsdisclosed herein. Compounds which would ordinarily be inaccessible or atbest, tedious and difficult to make, are rendered available by anunusually simple and mild synthesis.

The process can be expressed by the following reactions: ##STR2##wherein Y is selected from hydrogen, cyano, alkylsulfonyl, nitro andtrifluoromethyl; X is selected from alkyl and alkenyl of up to 6 carbonatoms, nitro, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy,trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfoxyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl,methoxymethyl, cyano, carboxy, carbamyl, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I),hydroxy, acetylamino, amino, N-phenylamino, N,N-diallylamino, alkoxy,N-morpholino, N-piperidino, N-piperazino, N-pyrrolidino,dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl, carboalkoxy, alkylthio, mono- anddialkylamino, N-alkylcarbamyl, N,N-dialkylcarbamyl, alkylsulfoxy,alkylsulfonyl, said alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms andn is an integer from 0 to 3; Z is halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) or alkoxy, andR and R' are each alkyl groups, straight- or branch-chained, containingfrom 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Starting material A is typically a halobenzene derivative, many of whichare commercially available. If not, one can easily synthesize thedesired compound using well-documented chemical techniques. As isapparent, the halo group (Z) and the adjacent nitro group both undergosubstitution thereby effecting cyclization to form the heterocyclic5-membered ring. The other reagent, B, is an N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamicacid or acid salt, such as the sodium salt.

The attractiveness of the above process is that under relatively mildconditions, using generally available or easily accessible reagents andin a single step, one can obtain the desired compounds in good yields.The intermediate product C of this reaction can in many preparations beisolated. In others it undergoes the cyclization reaction, even at lowtemperatures, to produce final product D, the substituted1,3-benzodithiole-2-ones.

The novelty of this synthetic method is clearly evident to one skilledin the art. It enables one to fuse onto a benzene ring containingadjacent nitro and halo groups a cyclic ring having the structure:##STR3##

Importantly, it allows one to do this under mild conditions and usingvarious chlorobenzene derivatives so that almost any desired substitutedcompound results.

The reaction process is carried out in the temperature range of from 0°to 200° C. In many instances, the reaction proceeds at room temperatureor lower, whereas, in some cases, elevated temperatures may be desiredin order to accelerate the reaction.

The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent, although the solventmay be omitted if effective dissolution of materials is possible. Asolvent is generally preferred, however, and it can be any solvent whichdoes not enter into the reaction and in which the reactants are solubleto some extent. Suitable solvents are dimethylformamide,dimethylsulfoxide, acetone and methyl isobutyl ketone.

The mole ratio of reagents A and B is normally 1 to 1, however, it isgenerally preferred to use a slight excess of reagent B to ensure morecomplete reaction.

A co-product E is usually formed during the formation of desired productD. This co-product is easily separated from product D using solventdifferential properties. It is converted to compound D by treatmentunder basic conditions, such as sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solutionor suspension containing solvent. A typical solvent for such conversionis dimethylsulfoxide.

The reaction is carried out at temperatures ranging from 0° to 200° C.The work-up is standard -- product is obtained by precipitation,washing, drying and recrystallization if necessary.

The 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione compounds disclosed herein are obtainedby conversion of the corresponding 1,3-benzodithiole-2-one compounds.The conversion of <C=O to <C=S is well-known in the chemical literatureand several ways are available for effecting it.

One way uses disodium trithiocarbonate as the sulfurizing agent. Othersuitable reagents include sodium hydrosulfide and potassium thiocyanate.

The biocidal processes of this invention comprise applying a biocidallyeffective amount of a compound disclosed herein to soil, seed or growingplant. The compounds are formulated for use either as sprays made up byadding water to emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powders, asgranules or as dispersions on carriers such as attapulgite claygranules, peat moss, fertilizer, vermiculite, etc. The compounds arequite insoluble in water, and hence, for the preparation of emulsions orwettable powders, the compounds are preferably formulated with wettingagents.

Since numerous compounds disclosed herein are free bases and acids, theycan be converted to acid salts (free bases) and base salts (free acids).

The acid-addition and base-addition salts are within the purview of thisinvention. The acid-addition salts are easily prepared by treating theamine base with a substantially equimolar amount of a chosen acid in anaqueous solution or in a suitable organic solvent such as methanol orethanol. The only restriction on the acid used is that it providesacceptable ions, i.e., those which do not deleteriously affect thegrowing plants. The base-addition salts are prepared in a similar mannerexcept that base instead of acid is added. The same restriction withrespect to acceptable ions applies.

For herbicidal use, the compounds disclosed herein are applied at a rateof from 0.5 lbs a.i./acre to 8.0 lbs a.i./acre.

For soil fungicidal use, the compounds disclosed herein are applied at arate of from 0.25 to 40.0 lbs a.i./acre.

For seed treatment fungicidal use the compounds disclosed herein areapplied at a rate of from 2.0 to 10.0 ounces per 100 lbs. of crop seed.

For foliar fungicidal use, the compounds disclosed herein are applied ata rate of about 200 parts per million in a suitable solvent, such aswater.

For acaricidal use, the compounds disclosed herein are applied at a rateof from 30 to 1000 parts per million in a suitable solvent, such aswater.

For nematocidal use, the compounds disclosed herein are applied at arate of from 15 to 20 parts per million in a suitable solvent, such aswater.

For insecticidal use, the compounds disclosed herein are applied at arate of from 0.2% to 10.0% in a suitable solvent, such as water.

EXAMPLE I 4-Nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

To a magnetically stirred solution of2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethyl-chlorobenzene (445 g., 1.65 M) in acetone(3300 ml.) was added N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium saltdihydrate (295 g., 1.65 M) and the reaction mixture was maintained at0°-5° C. during addition.

After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 5°-10° C. for 90minutes and thereafter for 18 hours at room temperature.

The acetone-insoluble solids were suction filtered, washed well withwater, dried and soxhlet-extracted with hexane overnight. The hexaneextract was stripped free of solvent on a rotary evaporator under vacuumyielding 6.5 g. of desired product. A co-product (223.4 g., M.P.222°-224° C.) remained unextracted.

The acetone filtrate was stripped free of solvent under vacuum and theresidual solid washed with ethanol (100 ml.) and suction filtered. Thesolid was soxhlet extracted with hexane overnight. Removal of solventfrom the hexane extract yielded the desired product (188.5 g., 40.7%theory, M.P. 110°-111° C.).

EXAMPLE II Conversion of the co-product of Example I to4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

To a stirred suspension of the co-product from Example I (3.26 g.) indimethylsulfoxide (30 ml.) was added a solution of NaOH (0.88 g., 0.022M) dimethylsulfoxide (15 ml.) and water (5 ml.). The reaction mixturewas allowed to stir at room temperature under nitrogen gas for 22 hours.

The resulting solution was poured into water (300 ml.), made acidic byaddition of conc. HCl, solid filtered off, washed with water and dried.Recrystallization from hot hexane yielded pure4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. (Confirmed by mixedM.P. and I.R. spectra).

EXAMPLE III Conversion of4-Nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one to4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione

To a stirred and cooled solution of4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one (14.05 g., 0.05 M) inDMSO (150 ml.) was added dropwise a solution of disodiumtrithiocarbonate (48.15 g., 0.12 M of 40% aqueous solution). Thereaction mixture was permitted to stir for 60 minutes at about 15° C.and thereafter for 21/2 hours at ambient temperatures.

The resulting solution was poured into an excess of water, acidified andextracted with chloroform (3 × 100 ml.). The organic layer wasseparated, dried, stripped free of solvent and chromatographed oversilica gel. Elution with hexane removes elemental sulfur. Anotherelution with hexane yields the desired product. (4.5 g., 30.3% theory,M.P. 109.5-110.5° C.).

EXAMPLE IV

The procedure of Example I is repeated wherein the followingchlorobenzene derivatives are used in place of2-6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylchlorobenzene to provide the correspondingproducts:

    ______________________________________                                        chlorobenzene derivative                                                                        Product                                                     ______________________________________                                        2,6-dinitro-4-methyl-chloro-                                                                    6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodi-                               benzene           thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 163-164° C.                                     2,4,6-trinitro-chlorobenzene                                                                    4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-                                                2-one                                                       2,6-dinitro-4-fluoro-chloro-31° C. -                                                     6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodi-                               benzene           thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 98-100° C.                                      4-chloro-2,6-dinitro-chloro-                                                                    6-chloro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodi-                               benzene           thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 152-153° C.                                     1,4-dichloro-3-methyl-2,6-                                                                      6-chloro-7-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-                              dinitro-chlorobenzene                                                                           benzodithiole-2-one                                         M.P. 147-148° C.                                                       3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-                                                                         7-dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl-                              trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-                                                benzodithiole-2-one                                                           M.P. 138-141° C.                                     3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-                                                                         7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoro-                               trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    methyl:1,3-benzodithiole-2-one                                                M.P. 87-89° C.                                       2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene                                                                        4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one                                               M.P. 110-111° C.                                     3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitro-                                                                    5,7-dimethyl-4,6-dinitro-1,3-                               chlorobenzene     benzodithiole-2-one                                                           M.P. 130-131° C.                                     2,4-dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl-                                                                  6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-                              chlorobenzene     benzodithiole-2-one                                                           M.P. 117-118.5° C.                                   3-di-n-propylamino-2,4-                                                                         7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-                               dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl-                                                                      trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodi-                                chlorobenzene     thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 60-61° C.                                       2,4-dinitro-3-monoisopropyl-                                                                    7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-                               amino-6-trifluoromethyl-                                                                        4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                chlorobenzene     dithiole-2-one                                                                M.P. 71.5-72.5° C.                                   2,4-dinitro-3-mono-n-propyl-                                                                    7-monopropylamino-6-nitro-4-                                amino-6-trifluoromethyl-                                                                        trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodi-                                chlorobenzene     thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 72-74° C.                                       3-diethylamino-2,4-dinitro-                                                                     7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-tri-                               6-trifluoromethylchloro-                                                                        fluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-                             benzene           2-one                                                       2,4-dinitro-3-n-propylthio-3° C. -                                                       6-nitro-7-n-propylthio-4-tri-                               6-trifluoromethylchloro-                                                                        fluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-                             benzene           2-one                                                                         M.P. 90-91° C.                                       2,4-dinitro-3-isopropylthio-                                                                    7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-                                  6-trifluoromethylchloro-                                                                        trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodi-                                benzene           thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 79.5-80.5° C.                                   4-cyano-2,6-dinitrochloro-                                                                      6-cyano-4-nitro-1,3-benzodi-                                benzene           thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 173-175° C.                                     3-diallylamino-2,4-dinitro-6-                                                                   7-diallylamino-6-nitro-4-                                   trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodi-                                                  thiole-2-one                                                                  a liquid                                                    2,4-dinitro-3-methylamino-6-                                                                    7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-                                    trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodi-                                                  thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 171-173° C.                                     2,4-dinitro-3-monobutylamino-6-                                                                 7-mono-n-butylamino-6-nitro-                                trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                                  dithiole-2-one                                                                a liquid                                                    3-dibutylamino-2,4-dinitro-6-                                                                   7-di-n-butylamino-6-nitro-4-                                trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                                    dithiole-2-one                                                                a liquid                                                    2,4-dinitro-3-monophenylamino-6-                                                                7-monophenylamino-6-nitro-4-                                trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                                    dithiole-2-one                                              2,4-dinitro-3-piperidino-6-122°  C. -                                                    6-nitro-7-piperidino-4-                                     trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                                    dithiole-2-one                                              2,4-dinitro-3-morpholino-6-157° C. -                                                     7-morpholino-6-nitro-4-                                     trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                                    dithiole-2-one                                              2,4-dinitro-3-pyrrolidino-6-80° C. -                                                     6-nitro-7-pyrrolidino-4-                                    trifluoromethylchlorobenzene                                                                    trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodi-                                                  thiole-2-one                                                                  M.P. 104-105° C.                                     2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene                                                                        5-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-                                                    2-one                                                                         M.P. 131-136° C.                                     2-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                                      5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzo-                                chlorobenzene     dithiole-2-one                                                                M.P. 36-42° C.                                       ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE V

The compounds enumerated in Example IV are converted to thecorresponding 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thiones in accordance with theprocedure outlined in Example III.

EXAMPLE VI

The procedure of Example I is repeated wherein the followingN,N-dialkyldithiocarbamic acid compounds in stoichiometric equivalentamounts are used in place of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium saltdihydrate with comparable results:

N,n-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid potassium salt

N,n-diethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt

N,n-diisopropyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt

N,n-dibutyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt

N-ethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt

EXAMPLE VII

The procedure of Example I is repeated wherein the following solventsare used in place of acetone with comparable results:

dimethylsulfoxide

dimethylformamide

methylisobutyl ketone

EXAMPLE VIII

The compound of Example I is prepared in the following manner: To amagnetically stirred solution of 16.2 g (60 mmoles)2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylchlorobenzene in 60 ml dimethylsulfoxidewas added dropwise a solution of 10.74 g (60 mmoles) sodiumdimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The reaction is mildly exothermic andaccompanied by evolution of oxides of nitrogen. After allowing thereaction mixture to stir for 3 hours, 450 ml water and 225 ml chloroformare added and, after shaking well in an extraction funnel, thechloroform extract was withdrawn and the aqueous phase similarlyextracted with two more 220 ml portions of chloroform. The combinedchloroform extract was washed thrice with 750 ml portions of water, anddried over anhy. Na₂ SO₄. After removing the solvent on a rotaryevaporator, the residue was chromatographed over 180 g Silica-Gel.Elution with hexane-benzene (1:1) yielded 7.3 g (43.3%)4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one, m.p. 103°-107° C. Onerecrystallization from ethanol yielded product, m.p. 111°-112° C.

Elemental Analyses % Found: C=33.9; H=0.9 ; N=4.9 % Calc: C=34.2;H=0.71; N=5.0 NMR (CDCl₃): 8.16 δ (1H,m); 8.6 δ (1H,m).

EXAMPLE IX

The procedure of Example VIII is repeated wherein the followinghalobenzene derivatives are used in place of2.6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylchlorobenzene to provide correspondingproducts:

    ______________________________________                                         ##STR4##                                                                     halobenzene derivative                                                        Z      Y         X.sub.1    X.sub.2   X.sub.3                                 ______________________________________                                        Cl     NO.sub.2  allyl      H         H                                       Br     NO.sub.2  hexyl      H         H                                       F      NO.sub.2  H          CCl.sub.3 H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          CF.sub.3 O                                                                              H                                       Cl     CF.sub.3  H          CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2                                                                       H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          CF.sub.3 S                                                                              H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          CF.sub.3 SO                                                                             H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          CN        H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2                                                                       H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          H         H                                       Cl     NO.sub.2  H          CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2                                                                      H                                       Cl     CF.sub.3  H          CN        H                                       Cl     CF.sub.3  H          COOH      H                                       Cl     CF.sub.3  H          OH        H                                       Cl     CF.sub.3  H          NH.sub.2  H                                       ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE X

For determination of herbicidal activity for the herein disclosedcompounds, the following screen was used: The candidate compound isapplied at 8 lb/A in 40 gal/A to one foot square flats containing seedsor plants of the test plant species. Visual ratings of phytotoxicity aremade after 7 and 14 days. The phytotoxicity rating system is based on 0= no control and 10 = complete kill or 100% control.

For post emergent use, the flats are planted with the desired plantspecies 7 - 9 days prior to spraying. By spraying time a wellestablished flat of plants is ready for spraying. For incorporatedpre-emergence use, the flats are prepared and planted with seed of thevarious species. A sheet of plastic is then placed over the seed and ameasured quantity of screened soil normally used for covering the seedis placed on top. The flat is then ready for spraying. After spraying,the soil on top of the sheet of plastic is mixed thoroughly and spreadevenly over the surface of the flat.

The plant species used in herbicide screening are corn (Zea mays L.),wheat (Triticum avesticum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L), soybeans(Glycine max L.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli L. Beauv),foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv), morningglory (Ipomea purpurea L.Roth), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.).

The following compounds exhibited herbicidal properties:

7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diallylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithole-2-one

EXAMPLE XI

For determination of soil fungicidal activity for the herein disclosedcompounds, the following screen was used: Two potato-dextrose-agarplates of the desired fungal organism are blended in a Waring blenderwith 50 mls of sterile water. The resulting mixture is added to 3000 gof sterile soil in a plastic bag and thoroughly blended. Cucumber seedsare planted in 4 oz. cups containing a measured amount of the inoculatedsoil mixture. Finally, 10 mls of the candidate compound at 40 lb/A isatomized as a drench over the prepared soil. After 14 days evaluationsare made based on the number of surviving seedlings in the treated cupcompared to the untreated check.

The organisms used in the primary soil fungicide screen are Rhizoctoniasolani and Pythium ultimum.

The following compounds exhibited soil fungicidal properties:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-fluoro4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-mono-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-nitro-7-piperidino-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-n-propylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione

7-dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione

EXAMPLE XII

For determination of foliar fungicidal activity for the herein disclosedcompounds, the following screen was used. The candidate compound isapplied at 200 ppm to Bonny Best variety of tomato plants which have 2-4true leaves. The treated plants are held at a relative humidity of 100%for 48 hours allowing ideal conditions for fungal invasion to occur. Theplants are removed to the greenhouse bench and helf for 7-10 days afterwhich visual ratings are made. Ratings are by Infection Index (I I)where 0 = no infection or 100% control, and 10 = 100% infection or nocontrol.

To inoculate the plants, a spore suspension of early blight fungus(Alternaria solani) is prepared and sprayed on the plant until itreaches the point of runoff.

The following compounds exhibited foliar fungicidal properties:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-cyano-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

EXAMPLE XIII

For determination of acaricidal activity for the herein disclosedcompounds, the following screening procedure was used: To evaluate acompound as a contact acaricide, the solution is sprayed at 15 psi ontothe leaves of bean seedlings infested with mites as a 0.1%concentration. The sprayed plants are inoculated 24 hours later. In thecase of systemic testing, the chemical is added to the nutrient solutionin which the bean seedling is growing at a concentration of 20 ppm.After three days, mites are added to the leaves grown in the treatedsolution. In both cases, five days later counts are made and percentkill determined.

Two spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) are used in these testsand pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the cotylendonary stage is thehost plant species used.

The following compounds exhibited acaricidal properties:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-monopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-mono-n-butylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-diallylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-nitro-7-n-propylthio-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione

5-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione.

EXAMPLE XIV

For determination of nematocidal activity for the herein disclosedcompounds, the following screening procedure was used: The roots ofestablished tomato plants, grown in the presence of root knot(Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes and with adequately galled roots, arecut into small segments. The root segments are added to sterile soil andthoroughly mixed. The root knot infested soil is allowed to set forthree days. During this period many larva will emerge from the decayingplant roots yielding a high potential of root knot inoculum soil. Aquantity of the soil mixture is added to 8 oz. cups. Finally, 10 mls ofthe candidate nematocide at 20 ppm is added to the infested soil andthoroughly blended. The treated soil is removed from the jar and placedin an 8 oz. cup. The treated soil is allowed to aerate for 48 hours.Finally, cucumber seeds are planted in the treated soil. After 3-4weeks, evaluations are made based on the galls occurring on thedeveloping cucumber seedlings. The system used is the Root-Knot Index(RKI) based on a 0-10 rating where 0 = No galls and 10 = 100% galling.

The following compounds exhibited nematocidal properties:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

5-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.

EXAMPLE XV

For determination of insecticidal activity for the herein disclosedcompounds, the following screening procedure was used:

A. Screwworm Test

The candidate compound was evaluated as an insecticide on screwworms atrates of 0.3125-10.0%. The solutions were applied on 1st, 2nd, and 3rdinstar larvi and on eggs.

Two reps of each larvi instar and the eggs were placed on black filterpaper in petri dishes and sprayed with 5 ml total volume at eachconcentration. Ratings were made 48 hours following application.

B. White Fly Test

White fly infested tobacco (Nicotiana) plants were sprayed with a 1%solution of candidate test compound. Within 12 hours after applicationof the chemical, all white flies were either dead or had left thetabacco plants. White fly populations were too large to makequantitative counts, so visual observations were made.

The following compound exhibited insecticidal properties in A and Babove:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

C. Pea Aphid Test

The candidate compounds were applied in a 0.5% solution to pea aphidsand pea seedling plants in a contact test using a Waters vertical spraytower. The spray descends through an 8 inch stainless steel cylinder tothe test insects and plants 44 inches below the atomizer. The spraytower is operated at 10 p.s.i. and discharges about 30 milliliters ofspray per minute through a Devilbiss atomizer. The insects and seedlingswere sprayed for a 15 second period and held for forty-eight hourmortality determinations.

D. Southern Armyworm Test

Excised lima bean leaves were dipped into 0.05% solutions of thecandidate compounds and when dry were offered to 10 larvae of theSouthern armyworm (late third instar) for a 48 hour feeding period.

The following compounds exhibited insecticidal properties in C and Dabove:

4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3benzodithiole-2-one

6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications may be made in the present invention without departingfrom the spirit and scope thereof as described in the specification anddefined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound selected from the group consisting ofthose of the formula: ##STR5## wherein Y is selected from nitro,trifluoromethyl and alkylsulfonyl; X is selected from alkyl and alkenylof up to 6 carbon atoms, nitro, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl,trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfoxyl,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, methoxymethyl, cyano, carboxy, carbamyl,halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxy, acetylamino, amino, N-phenylamino,N,N-diallylamino, alkoxy, dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl, carboalkoxy,alkylthio, mono- and dialkylamino, N-alkylcarbamyl, N,N-dialkylcarbamyl,alkylsulfoxy, alkylsulfonyl, said alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4carbon atoms; n is an integer from 0 to 3; and salts thereof.
 2. Acompound as claimed in claim 1 wherein W is O, Y is nitro and n is O. 3.The compound as claimed in claim 2 which is4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1wherein W is O, Y is nitro and n is
 1. 5. The compound as claimed inclaim 4 which is 6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 6. Thecompound as claimed in claim 4 which is4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 7. The compound asclaimed in claim 4 which is 4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 8. Thecompound as claimed in claim 4 which is6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 9. The compound as claimed inclaim 4 which is 6-chloro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 10. Thecompound as claimed in claim 4 which is6-cyano-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 11. A compound as claimed inclaim 1 wherein W is O, Y is nitro and n is
 2. 12. The compound asclaimed in claim 11 which is6-chloro-7-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 13. The compound asclaimed in claim 11 which is7-dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.14. The compound as claimed in claim 11 which is7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 15. Acompound as claimed in claim 1 wherein W is O, Y is nitro and n is 3.16. The compound as claimed in claim 15 which is5,7-dimethyl-4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 17. A compound asclaimed in claim 1 wherein W is O, Y is trifluoromethyl and n is
 1. 18.The compound as claimed in claim 17 which is6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 19. A compound asclaimed in claim 1 wherein W is O, Y is trifluoromethyl and n is
 2. 20.The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.21. The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.22. The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-mono-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.23. The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 24.The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is6-nitro-7-n-propylthio-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 25.The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 26.The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7diallylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 27. Thecompound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 28. Thecompound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-mono-n-butylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.29. The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-di-n-butylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 30.The compound as claimed in claim 19 which is7-monophenylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 31.A composition comprising a compound as claimed in claim 1 and an inertdiluent therefor.
 32. A method of treating weeds associated with growingplants to beneficially enhance the growth and/or yieldpotential of saidgrowing plants which comprises applying a herbicidally active amount ofa compound of the formula: ##STR6## wherein n is 2 and X is NO₂ in the 6position and is N,N-diallylamino or dilowerakylamino in the 7 position,at a rate of from 0.5 lbs. a.i./acre to 8.0 lbs. a.i./acre.
 33. Themethod of claim 32 wherein said compound is7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.34. The method of claim 32 wherein said compound is7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 35.The method of claim 32 wherein said compound is7-diallylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 36. Amethod of treating soil fungi associated with growing plants tobeneficially enhance the growth and/or yieldpotential of said growingplants which comprises applying a soil fungicidally active amount of acompound of the formulae: ##STR7## wherein for compounds of formula F, nis 0-2, and when n is 1, X is 6-CF₃ or 6-fluoro and when n is 2, X is6-CF₃ and 7-halogen or 7-dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl; and wherein forcompounds of formula G, n is 2 and X is 6-NO₂ and 7-mono- or7-diloweralkylamino, 7-loweralkylthio, at a rate of from 0.25 to 40.0lbs. a.i./acre.
 37. The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 38. The method ofclaim 36 wherein said compound is 4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 39.The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 40. The method of claim 36wherein said compound is7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 41. Themethod of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.42. The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-mono-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.43. The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 44.The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 45. Themethod of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-n-propylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 46.The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 47.The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is7-dimethylaminodithiocarbamyl-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.48. The method of claim 36 wherein said compound is5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 49. The method of claim 36wherein said compound is 1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 50. A method oftreating foliar fungi associated with growing plants to beneficiallyenhance the growth and/or yield-potential of said growing plants whichcomprises applying a foliar fungicidally active amount of a compound ofthe formulae: ##STR8## wherein n is 1 and X is 6-CF₃, 6-NO₂ or 6-CN at arate of about 200 parts per million in a suitable solvent.
 51. Themethod of claim 50 wherein said compound is4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 52. The method ofclaim 50 wherein said compound is 4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.53. The method of claim 50 wherein said compound is5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 54. The method of claim 50wherein said compound is 1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 55. The method ofclaim 50 wherein said compound is6-cyano-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 56. A method of treatingacarines associated with growing plants to beneficially enhance thegrowth and/or yield-potential of said growing plants which comprisesapplying an acaricidally active amount of a compound of the formulae:##STR9## wherein for compounds of formula H, n is 0-2 and when n is 1, Xis 6-CF₃, 6-NO₂, 6-loweralkyl or 6-fluoro and when n is 2, X is 6-CF₃and 7-halogen; wherein for compounds of formula I, n is 2 and X is 6-NO₂and 7-mono or 7-diloweralkylamino, 7-diallylamino or 7-loweralkylthio,at a rate of from 30 to 1000 parts per million in a suitable solvent.57. The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 58. The method ofclaim 56 wherein said compound is 4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.59. The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 60. The method of claim 56wherein said compound is 4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 61. The methodof claim 56 wherein said compound is6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 62. The method of claim 56wherein said compound is7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 63. Themethod of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-di-n-propylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.64. The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-monoisopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.65. The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-monopropylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 66.The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-diethylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 67.The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-methylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 68. Themethod of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-mono-n-butylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.69. The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-diallylamino-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 70.The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is6-nitro-7-n-propylthio-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 71.The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is7-isopropylthio-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one. 72.The method of claim 56 wherein said compound is5-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 73. The method of claim 56 wherein saidcompound is 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 74. A method oftreating nematodes associated with growing plants to beneficiallyenhance the growth and/or yield-potential of said growing plants whichcomprises applying a nematocidally active amount of a compound of theformulae: ##STR10## wherein n is 0-1, and when n is 1, X is 6-CF₃,6-NO₂, 6-loweralkyl or 6-fluoro; at a rate of from 15 to 20 parts permillion in a suitable solvent.
 75. The method of claim 74 wherein saidcompound is 4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 76. Themethod of claim 74 wherein said compound is4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 77. The method of claim 74 whereinsaid compound is 6-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 78. Themethod of claim 74 wherein said compound is4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 79. The method of claim 74 wherein saidcompound is 6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 80. The method ofclaim 74 wherein said compound is 5-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 81. Amethod of treating insects associated with growing plants tobeneficially enhance the growth and/or yield-potential of said growingplants which comprises applying an insecticidally active amount of acompound of the formulae: ##STR11## wherein n is 1-2, and when n is 1, Xis 6-CF₃ or 6-fluoro and when n is 2, X is 6-CF₃ and 7-halogen; at arate of from 0.2% to 10.0% in a suitable solvent.
 82. The method ofclaim 81 wherein said compound is4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 83. The method ofclaim 81 wherein said compound is6-fluoro-4-nitro-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 84. The method of claim 81wherein said compound is7-chloro-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.
 85. Themethod of claim 81 wherein said compound is6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodithiole-2-one.